What is the name of the space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the receptors of the next neuron?

The space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the receptors of the next neuron is called the synaptic gap, also known as the synaptic cleft. This gap is crucial for neuronal communication, as it is where neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and travel across to bind with receptors on the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites. This binding initiates a response in the receiving neuron, enabling the transmission of signals throughout the nervous system. Understanding this mechanism highlights the importance of the synaptic gap in facilitating communication between neurons, which is fundamental to all brain functions and activities.

The other options pertain to different aspects of neuronal structure or function: the neurotransmitter junction is often associated with the connection between neurons and muscle cells, the myelin sheath is a protective layer around some axons that helps speed up the transmission of signals, and dendritic space generally refers to the area where dendrites receive signals but does not denote any specific gap.