What is the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye that processes visual information?

The retina is the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye responsible for processing visual information. It contains specialized photoreceptor cells, known as rods and cones, which convert light into neural signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing for the perception of images. The rods are primarily responsible for vision in low-light conditions, while the cones function in brighter light and are crucial for detecting color and detail. This unique structure makes the retina essential for vision, as it not only receives light but also begins the intricate process of transforming visual stimuli into meaningful information that the brain can interpret.

In contrast, the pupil is the opening that allows light to enter the eye, the iris is the colored part that controls the size of the pupil, and the cornea is the clear front surface of the eye that helps to focus incoming light. None of these structures are involved in the direct processing of visual information.